Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism Flashcards | Quiz+ (2025)

A)I,II,III,IV
B)IV,II,III,I
C)II,I,III,IV
D)II,III,I,IV
E)III,II,IV,I

A)1-2
B)3-4
C)5-6
D)7-8
E)9-10

A)Amine groups are removed from all amino acids.
B)All peptide linkages are hydrolyzed to produce a mixture of amino acids.
C)Proteins are denatured by stomach acid.
D)Amino acids are combined to produce proteins or enzymes.
E)none of the above

A)ligase.
B)phosphatase.
C)transaminase.
D)dehydrogenase.
E)kinase.

A)can be excreted in the form of urea.
B)can be used in the synthesis of nitrogen containing hormones.
C)can be used in the synthesis of nucleic acids.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

A)removal of the amine group and conversion of the carbon skeleton to intermediates which can enter the citric acid cycle.
B)hydrolysis of peptide linkages and production of CO₂ as waste.
C)hydrolysis of peptide linkages and production of urea as waste.
D)diversion of the carbon skeletons into gluconeogenesis.
E)diversion of the carbon skeletons into ketogenesis.

A)enter storage as triglycerides.
B)enter storage as glycogen.
C)be converted into ketone bodies.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

A)glucose.
B)pyruvate for energy.
C)body proteins.
D)purines and pyrimidines.

A)aspartate and phenylalanine.
B)aspartate and tyrosine.
C)aspartate and glutamate.
D)glutamate and asparagine.
E)alanine and valine.

A)trypsin
B)pepsin
C)chymotrypsin
D)pepsinogen
E)carboxypeptidase

A)pepsin
B)amylase
C)trypsin
D)carboxypeptidase
E)chymotrypsin

A)glutamate.
B)pyruvate.
C)acetyl.
D)transaminase.
E)urea.

A)amino acid pool and
B)turnover for a protein

A)glycine.
B)glutamate.
C)aspartate.
D)alanine.
E)leucine.

A)the use of the removed amino group in the synthesis of new nitrogen compounds.
B)removal of the amino group.
C)passage of the nitrogen into the urea cycle.
D)all of these
E)none of these

A)all amino acids available from the diet.
B)amino acids produced from breakdown of proteins and available for reuse.
C)essential amino acids available from the diet or from breakdown of other proteins.
D)all free amino acids in the body.
E)all amino acids in the body,whether free or part of proteins.

A)hydrolysis.
B)oxidative deamination.
C)reductive deamination.
D)oxidative decarboxylation.
E)phosphorylation.

A)glutamate.
B)acetate.
C)pyruvate.
D)oxaloacetate.
E)urea.

A)loss of a carbonyl group.
B)loss of a carboxyl group.
C)accepting an acetyl group.
D)loss of an amide linkage.
E)accepting an amine group.

A)less than 5
B)10-20
C)35-45
D)65-75
E)more than 90

A)oxaloacetate
B)succinate
C)fumarate
D)isocitrate
E)malate

A)transamination.
B)decarboxylation.
C)oxidation.
D)esterification.
E)tautomerization.

A)urate
B)urea
C)glutamate
D)oxalate
E)acetate

A)fatty acids
B)glucose
C)ketone bodies
D)acetyl CoA
E)They can be converted into all of the above.

A)carbamoyl phosphate.
B)citrulline.
C)arginine.
D)fumarate.
E)acetyl-CoA.

A)transferase.
B)lipase.
C)pepsin.
D)synthetase.
E)dehydrogenase.

A)oxidative deamination.
B)reductive deamination.
C)transamination.
D)hydrolysis.
E)transfer reaction.

A)amino acids.
B)pyrimidines.
C)purines.
D)lipids.
E)carbohydrates.

A)glutamate.
B)ornithine.
C)aspartate.
D)arginine.
E)citrulline.

A)NH₄⁺
B)glutamate
C)pyruvate
D)carbamoyl phosphate
E)CO₂

A)

B) NH₄⁺
C)

D)

E)

A)aspartate.
B)alanine.
C)phenylalanine.
D)glycine.
E)α-ketoglutarate.

A)ammonia
B)arginine
C)glycine
D)α-ketoglutarate
E)urea

A)exergonic;costs 3 ATP
B)exergonic;releases 3 ATP
C)endergonic;costs 3 ATP
D)endergonic;releases 3 ATP
E)neither exergonic nor endergonic;consumes 3 ATP in an early step and releases 3 ATP in a later step

A)glucose
B)fatty acids
C)acetyl CoA
D)ketone bodies
E)They can be converted into all of the above.

A)urea
B)CO₂ and H₂O
C)NH₄⁺
D)aspartate
E)glutamate

A)

.
B)NH₄⁺.
C)

.
D)

.
E)

.

A)blood.
B)kidneys.
C)liver.
D)brain.
E)intestines.

A)glutamate
B)aspartate
C)urea
D)ornithine
E)oxaloacetate

A)purines
B)pyrimidines
C)neurotransmitters
D)urea
E)All of these require nitrogen.

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis

A)single foods that contain all of the essential amino acids.
B)single foods that contain all of the nonessential amino acids.
C)single foods that contain none of the essential amino acids.
D)single foods that contain none of the nonessential amino acids.
E)combinations of foods that provide all of the amino acids,both essential and nonessential.

A)phenylalanine
B)methionine
C)isoleucine
D)threonine
E)histidine

A)glutamate.
B)acetate.
C)pyruvate.
D)oxaloacetate.
E)urea.

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis

A)arginine
B)histidine
C)glutamine
D)lysine
E)valine

A)deamination
B)transamination
C)urea cycle
D)phosphorylation

A)is required for the synthesis of all proteins.
B)must be obtained in the diet because the human body cannot synthesize it.
C)can safely be omitted from the diet because the human body can produce it in unlimited amounts.
D)must be provided in the diet for individuals with specific hereditary enzyme deficiencies.
E)has a relatively simple carbon skeleton.

A)essential
B)glycogenic
C)ketogenic
D)nonessential

A)citric acid cycle.
B)urea cycle.
C)β-oxidation sequence.
D)both A and C
E)none of the above

A)fumarate.
B)α-ketoglutarate.
C)oxaloacetate.
D)3-phosphoglycerate.
E)pyruvate.

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis

A)phenylalanine
B)methionine
C)lysine
D)isoleucine
E)histidine

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis

A)pyruvate
B)oxaloacetate
C)3-phosphoglycerate
D)α-ketoglutarate
E)All of these may be used.

A)aspartate
B)urea
C)glutamate
D)arginine
E)phenylalanine

A)alanine to serine.
B)phenylalanine to tyrosine.
C)tryptophan to tyrosine.
D)alanine to phenylalanine.

A)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,that ultimately becomes glucose
B)an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid
C)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
D)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed
E)the collection of all the free amino acids in the body
F)the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid
G)an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis